Neural transducer is now the most popular end-to-end model for speech recognition, due to its naturally streaming ability. However, it is challenging to adapt it with text-only data. Factorized neural transducer (FNT) model was proposed to mitigate this problem. The improved adaptation ability of FNT on text-only adaptation data came at the cost of lowered accuracy compared to the standard neural transducer model. We propose several methods to improve the performance of the FNT model. They are: adding CTC criterion during training, adding KL divergence loss during adaptation, using a pre-trained language model to seed the vocabulary predictor, and an efficient adaptation approach by interpolating the vocabulary predictor with the n-gram language model. A combination of these approaches results in a relative word-error-rate reduction of 9.48\% from the standard FNT model. Furthermore, n-gram interpolation with the vocabulary predictor improves the adaptation speed hugely with satisfactory adaptation performance.

上下文偏见是端到端自动语音识别（ASR）系统的一项重要且具有挑战性现有方法主要包括上下文lm偏置，并将偏置编码器添加到端到端的ASR模型中。在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种新颖的方法，通过在端到端ASR系统之上添加上下文拼写校正模型来实现上下文偏见。我们将上下文信息与共享上下文编码器合并到序列到序列拼写校正模型中。我们提出的模型包括两种不同的机制：自动回旋（AR）和非自动回旋（NAR）。我们提出过滤算法来处理大尺寸的上下文列表以及性能平衡机制，以控制模型的偏置程度。我们证明所提出的模型是一种普遍的偏见解决方案，它是对域的不敏感的，可以在不同的情况下采用。实验表明，所提出的方法在ASR系统上的相对单词错误率（WER）降低多达51％，并且优于传统偏见方法。与AR溶液相比，提出的NAR模型可将模型尺寸降低43.2％，并将推断加速2.1倍。